The aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains is closely related to their head shape. As each train set has its own modelling system, the aerodynamic shape design of head type of a high-speed train must follow a pedigree modelling approach. The train pedigree characteristics directly reflect its aerodynamic performance. The focus of this study is the extraction and application of the Shinkansen train pedigree features. First, large-scale differences in train head shapes are eliminated by dimensionless elimination. Second, the Shinkansen model pedigree features are extracted using similarity calculations. Finally, based on the constraint range of pedigree features on the new model shape, the concept head shape is designed with reference to the shape and surface parameters of high-speed trains, and its aerodynamic performance is verified. The results of the aerodynamic verification indicate that the concept design reduces the drag by more than 10% compared to the E2 Series base model. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the extraction and design application of train pedigree features can help a new train to develop its aerodynamic shape within its own pedigree modelling system, thus enabling the synergistic design of train shape and aerodynamic performance.